What is Pixel Pitch?

Pixel pitch refers to the distance, measured in millimeters, between the center of one pixel and the center of an adjacent pixel on an LED display. A smaller pixel pitch means the space between adjacent pixels is closer, resulting in a finer pixel pitch. This offers higher resolution and a closer optimal viewing distance with the same size of screen. In contrast, a larger pixel pitch indicates the pixels are further apart, leading to a lower pixel density. This makes it ideal for viewing from a greater distance. The pixel density within a given area of the LED screen directly influences both the resolution of an LED display and the optimal viewing distance based on the intended use and the space.   

• A smaller pixel pitch leads to a higher pixel density (more pixels are packed into the LED screen), providing greater resolution and allowing for closer viewing distance.
• A larger pixel pitch results in a lower pixel density (fewer pixels are packed into the LED screen), requiring a farther viewing distance.

The Optimal Viewing Distance?

The recommended viewing distance is typically calculated by multiplying the pixel pitch by 1.5. For example, with a 2.5mm pixel pitch, the recommended viewing distance would be 3.75 meters. This means that viewers will experience a clear image when viewing from at least 3.75 meters away. However, the time spent viewing the LED display should also be considered. In some cases, the same viewing distance may be appropriate for different pixel pitches, depending on how long the viewer stays at that distance. Choosing the right pixel pitch is crucial to ensure the best viewing experience based on the intended purpose and the space where the display is installed.

For public displays where viewing time is typically shorter, a larger pixel pitch is ideal. For private displays where viewers will spend more time in front of the LED screen, a finer pixel pitch is recommended, as it ensures a clearer image without seeing individual pixels. 

If the default viewing distance is 3 meters, the recommended pixel pitch is as follows:

• For public displays with a viewing time of less than 5 minutes, a pixel pitch of less than P3.0 is recommended.
• For public displays where the viewing time exceeds 5 minutes, a pixel pitch of less than P2.0 is more appropriate.
• For private use, where the viewing time is over 5 minutes, a pixel pitch of less than P1.0 is ideal to prevent the viewer from seeing individual pixels on the LED screen. (Why multiply by 3? Minimum viewing distance is calculated using Retina Display formula. Viewers cannot recognize the pixel even after long hours of watching.) 

Example with BSI’s OneBoard R (135”-165”): For office use (private), the recommended viewing distance is approximately 2 meters for a 135-inch LED screen. A pixel pitch of less than P0.7 is ideal, and 4K resolution is recommended.

Why is Pixel Pitch Important When Selecting LED Displays?

As mentioned above, pixel pitch determines both the resolution and the optimal viewing distance for LED displays. It is a crucial factor to consider when purchasing an LED display. If a higher resolution is desired, a finer pixel pitch is recommended. However, this requires more complex manufacturing, additional pixels, and increased maintenance.

On the other hand, for LED displays intended for public spaces where viewing distances are typically greater, a larger pixel pitch can be more cost-effective and practical than a finer pixel pitch. Therefore, it is essential to balance the intended usage and budget to make the best decision.